Fuel atomizing nozzle



April 6, 1948. w: O. LUM' 2,439,257

FUEL ATOMIZING NOZZLE Filed larch 15, 1944 Fig.1.

Inventor: Walter O. Lurn,

9 His Attorney.

Patented Apr. 6, 1948 Walter 0.

to General New York Linn, Schenectady, N. Y assignor Electric company, a corporation of weaned March 15, 1944, Serial No. 526,583

I 1 The present invention relates to fuel atomizin nozzles such as one used for supplying fuel to combustion chambers.

The object of my invention is to provide a fuel atomizing nozzle of improved construction and for a consideration of what I believe to be novel and my invention, attention is directed to the following specification and to the claims appended thereto. In the drawing, Fig. I is a longitudinal sectional view of a fuel nozzle embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a detail face'view of an atomizing head looking in the direction indicated by section line 2-2, Fig. l, and Fig. 3 shows the fuel atomizing nozzle connected into a piping system.

Referring to the drawing, 3 indicates an outer casing or barrel of the nozzle assembly. At its discharge end the outer casing is provided with an inwardly extending flange 8, the inner surface of whichtapers outwardly to form a conical seat for the end of a spray nozzle tip I. The other end of the longitudinal bore in casing i is open and at such end the casing isthreaded On its outer surface to receive a clamping or coupling member 3. Casing i, at a point intermediate between its ends, is provided with a fuel admission opening 9 to which is attached by welding or other suitable means a side connection nipple in threaded on its exterior, adapting it to have connected to it a pipe ll, asshowninFig. 3. In pipe II is a suitable regulating valve I I.

Spray tip I has a discharge opening i2, and a vortex whirl space l3. Its inner end is a flat surface 14 provided with tangentially extending grooves I 5.

Inside outer casing i is an inner casing or cylindrical member it comprising a central tube portion ll of less diameter than casing 5, having a head It at its dischar e end and a head It at its other end, the two headsengaging the inner surface of the bore incasing 5. Thus there is provided an annular fuel admission chamber with which opening 8 connects and a central axially extending fuel passage or bore 2|. Head l8 has a flat end surface which flts against the inner flat surface of spray tip I to hold it in place.

. In the flat surface of head It is an annular groove 22 which connects with tangential grooves l5 and which is connected by axially extending holes 23 to annular fuel admission chamber 20.

Also in tip It are-a number of spaced passages 24 which connect whirl chamber it with bore 2i. Surrounding tube portion II and fastened thereto by clips 23 is a suitable screen 23 which serves as a strainer for separating dirt from the fuel.

2 Claims. (a. ass-96.3)

2 i and is provided with a conical end surface 21 over which fits a flared conical end 28 on a cylindrical sealing member 29. Member 28 is'OI a diameter to fit closely in casing land is pro- 5 vided with a shoulder 3|! against which the flange of clamping member 3 engages. Member 29 has an axial discharge passage II and its outer end is threaded to adapt it to have connected toit a discharge pipe 32 in which is a regulating valve 32'. The inside of head II is threaded as shown at I! to receive a threaded tool for removing the, inner casing. The threads may be of a size to have screwed into them the threads on the outer end of member 23 so that if desired member 29 may be used as a tool for removing the inner casing.

Adjacent to the discharge end of outer casing 5 and formed integral with it is a flange 33 for use in fastening the nozzle to the wall of a combustion chamber. In Fig. 1, ll indicates a wall of a combustion chamber provided with an opening in which is fixed by a weld or other suitable means, a nipple 35 having an intumed flange 36 at its free end with which flange-33 may engage, 2d the discharge end of the nozzle projecting through the nipple into the combustion chamber. Nipple 35 is threaded on its interior to receive -a coupling member 31 for clamping flange 33 against flange 36.

30 In operation, fuel oil, regulated by valve II, is supplied under suitable pressure to annular chamber 20 from whence it flows through holes 23, annular groove 22, and tangential grooves IE to whirl chamber l3. The fuel oil pressure may be of the order of 400 pounds per square inch, for example. From chamber IS, a part of the fuel oil is sprayed through opening l2 into the combustion space and the remainder is discharged through holes 24 to chamber 2| from whence it 40 flows out through return line 32. Valve 32 in line 32 is adjusted to regulate the amountof fuel discharged from discharge chamber 21l to the return line and hence the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion space. Thus the load on the combustion chamber can be adjusted by adjusting valves 32 and ii. a

, In a fuel nozzle of this type, it is important that leakage be prevented between the respective chambers, and also from the fluid passages inside the nozzle assembly to the exterior thereof.

One important feature 0': my'construction is the sealing arrangement whereby a single part,

the member 29, serves as a fitting for the pipe line connection and a means of providing a pressure seal, The arrangement is such that the angle .on the outside of the tapered end of head 21 is a few degrees greater than the angle of the inner 3 tapered-surface on the inner end of member 29. As a result, when member 28 is forced firmly into position by screwing up the clamping member 8, the annular inner end of member 29 is forced outwardly and wedged tightly between the tapered surface of head It and the inner surface of the bore in outer casing 5. This serves effec tively to seal the seam or leakage path A between the contact surfaces of head 29 and the adjacent casing 5, and the leakage path 3 between the conical surfaces. Also, the construction is sealed against leakage along path between the outside surface of member 28 and the inner surface of the bore in casing 5. Thus it win he seen. that the arrangement provides a three-way seal" between the separate fluid passages 20 and 2i, and between each of said passages and the exterior .of the nozzle assembly. The member 29 serves also to hold in position the inner cylinder or barrel l8 and to clamp it firmly against the spray tip .l.

Another feature of the construction is the use of a union type of attachment for fastening the spray nozzle to the combustion chamber so that the side connection it! may be left in any convenient position without reference to the threaded portion of the nozzle holding means. This result is accomplished by providing an annular flange 33 on the outer casing which is clamped against an annular flange 3B which forms a part of the combustion chamber, the two flanges being clamped together by the coupling member 9?.

It will be seen that my improved spray nozzle comprises few parts, is simple in construction, easy to assemble and disassemble, and capable of being'manufactured at low cost. At the same time a structure is provided in which leakage past the respective seams between the parts is efiec-= tively prevented by a single sealing and clamping member.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof, but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustra engaging the inner surface of the bore and an annular end portion with a conical end surface adapted to surround and seallngly engagethe conical end surface of the inner casing member, and clamping means associated with the outer.

casing for forcing the sealing cylinder member axially against the end of the inner casing member,- whereby said conical surfaces are forced into tight sealing engagement to prevent fluid leakage between said first and second flow paths and the annular end portion of the sealing cylinder is caused to expand into tight sealing engagement with the inner surface of the first bore to prevent fluid leakage from both fluid paths to the exterior of the outer casing.

2. In a casing arrangement for a device of the the bore, the inner casing member also having a longitudinal bore therethrough and having a first end portion in engagement with said end member for forcing it into sealing engagement with said outer casing end portion, the other end of the inner casing member having a cylindrical head slidably engaging the inner'surface of the outer casing bore, said head having a conical surface formed on that end of the head remote from tive and that the invention may be carried out by other means.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In a casing arrangement for a device of the type described, the combination of an outer casing member with a cylindrical bore opening through one end thereof and having a portion defining a surface projecting inwardly into the bore at a location remote from said end, an inner cylindrical casing member disposed within the bore and spaced therefrom to define therewith a first fluid flow passage, fluid conduit means connected to said passage, the inner casing member having associated therewith an end member engaging said inwardlyprojecting surface, a longitudinal bore opening through the end of the inner casing member adjacent the open end of said first bore and forming-part of a second fluid flow path, and a portion adiacent said open bore end with a cylindrical outersurface slidably engaging the inner surface of the first-mentioned bore, said portion having also a conical end surface with its smallest portion nearer the end of the inner casing member, said conical portion being within the bore and axially spaced from the open end of said first bore, a cylindrical sealsaid end member, the smaller portion of the conical surface being nearer the extreme end of the head and the inner casing member having a portion spaced from the outercasing bore to define therewith an annular chamber, walls defining a fluid conduit communicating with said chamber, and sealing means for preventing leakage between said chamber and the longitudinal bore of the inner casingmember and from said chamber and bore to the exterior of the outer casing, the sealing means including a sealing cylinder with an annular end portion defining a conical surface surrounding and sealingly engaging the conical surface of the cylindrical head of the inner casing member, and clamping means associated with the casing for forcing the sealing cylinder axially against the head whereby the inner casing member is biased against said end member, the end member is in turn biased against said circumferential end surface of the outer casing and the annular end portion of the sealing cylinder is wedged into sealing engagement with both theconical surface of said head and the inner surface of the outer casing bore.

WALTER O. LUM.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,097,235 Kermode May 19, 1914 1,118,506 Melas Nov. 24, 1914 1,402,943 Mason Jan. 10, 1922 1,448,106 Binks Mar. 13, 1923 1,478,370 Adolphsen Dec, 25, 1923 1,581,223 Moore Apr. 20, 1926 1,644,372 Gray Oct. 4, 1927 Re. 19,184 Junkers May 29, 1934 2,062,362 Hubbard -1 Dec. 1, 1936 2,345,402 Lubbock et a1. Mar. 28, 1944 2,351,965 Hofier June 20, 1944 

